Key result
Double-Rayleigh flow model shows >0.96 correlation with actual flow-based carotid wave separation in virtual subjects.
Why the study?
Flow rate waveform modeling for arterial pulse wave separation analysis is limited to aortic sites, and existing models fail to capture intrinsic flow differences at non-aortic sites such as the carotid artery.
Effect estimate: r > 0.96
p-value: p=<0.001
The proposed double-Rayleigh flow rate model accurately separates forward and backward pressure waves at the carotid artery using only a single pressure waveform, potentially simplifying vascular screening.
May simplify carotid wave separation from pressure alone; leaves open validation in clinical cohorts before adoption.
Arterial pulse wave separation analysis (WSA) requires simultaneously measured pressure and flow rate waveform from the same arterial site. Modelling approaches to flow rate waveforms offers a methodological and instrumentational advantage. However, current techniques are limited to the aortic site. For non-aortic sites such as carotid artery, modelling methods that were developed for aortic sites are not likely to capture the intrinsic differences in the carotid flow rate. In this work, a double-Rayleigh flow rate model for the carotid artery is developed to separate the forward and backward pressure waves using WSA (DRMWSA). The model parameters are optimally found based on characteristic features - obtained from the pressure waveform. The DRMWSA was validated using a database of 4374 virtual (healthy) subjects, and its performance was compared with actual flow rate based WSA (REFWSA) at the carotid artery. An RMSE < 2 mmHg were obtained for forward and backward pressure waveforms. The reflection quantification indices (ΔPF, ΔPB), (RM, RI) obtained from DRMWSA demonstrated strong and statistically significant correlation (r > 0.96, p < 0.001) and (r > 0.80, p < 0.001) respectively, with insignificant bias (p > 0.05), upon comparing with counterparts in REFWSA. A moderate correlation (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) was obtained for reflection wave transit time between both methods. The proposed method minimises the measurements required for WSA and has the potential to widen the vascular screening procedures incorporating carotid pulse wave dynamics.Clinical Relevance-This methodology quantifies arterial pressure wave reflections in terms of pressure augmentation and reflection transit time. The methodological advantage of using only a single waveform helps easy translation to technological solutions for clinical research.
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Manoj et al. (2023) studied Healthy (n=4,374). Double-Rayleigh flow rate model for wave separation analysis (DRMWSA) vs. Actual flow rate based WSA (REFWSA) was evaluated on Correlation of reflection quantification indices (ΔPF, ΔPB) with REFWSA (r > 0.96, p=<0.001). A double-Rayleigh flow rate model for carotid artery wave separation analysis demonstrated strong correlation (r > 0.96, p < 0.001) with actual flow rate-based methods in 4,374 virtual subjects.
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