Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics with Dementia in Rural Chinese Older Adults: A Population-Based Study

Purpose: We explore the associations of individual and composite cardiovascular health metrics with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia among rural-dwelling older adults and the potential age variations in their associations. Patients and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included 4980 older adults (age ≥65 years; 57.23% women) from the baseline examination of MIND-China. In March-September 2018, data were collected via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory test. We defined six cardiovascular health metrics according to the modified American Heart Association's recommendations. We diagnosed dementia and its subtypes following the international criteria. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Of all the participants, 250 were diagnosed with dementia, including 165 with Alzheimer's disease and 75 with vascular dementia. Ideal composite global cardiovascular health metrics (vs poor composite metrics) were associated with a multi-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.62 (0.42-0.93) for dementia, 0.88 (0.52-1.48) for Alzheimer's disease, and 0.31 (0.16-0.60) for vascular dementia. Moreover, ideal biological cardiovascular health metrics were associated with multi-adjusted odds ratio of 0.52 (0.28-0.95) for dementia and 0.21 (0.06-0.77) for vascular dementia in young-old adults (65-74 years), whereas ideal behavioral cardiovascular health metrics were associated with multi-adjusted odds ratio of 0.48 (0.26-0.89) for dementia and 0.16 (0.06-0.43) for vascular dementia in old-old adults (≥75 years). Conclusion: Our results suggest that ideal cardiovascular health metrics are cross-sectionally associated with a low likelihood of dementia and vascular dementia among rural-dwelling older Chinese adults. The associations vary with age, components of cardiovascular health metrics, and dementia subtypes.