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A research framework and method are presented in which wisdom is conceived as experts knowledge about fundamental life matters. As illustration, discourse about normative and nonnormative life-planning problems associated with different life phases were examined. Verbal think-aloud protocols, collected from 60 Ss (25-35, 40-50, and 60-81 years of age) were scored on the wisdom criteria by trained raters.
Smith et al. (Tue,) studied this question.