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Historically, tension has existed in social work practice between knowledge derived from scientific technologies and that derived from practice wisdom. This article explores the conceptual underpinnings of the dilemma, emphasizing the influence and limitations of the technical rational perspective on existing views of professional knowledge. Alternative ways of human knowing are explored, and their implications for social work practice are discussed. Special attention is given to the adverse effects of the technical rational perspective on oppressed groups. Theories combining self-efficacy principles with participating consciousness are presented to address these issues.
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Elizabeth A. Gowdy (1994) studied this question.
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