Finite difference time domain simulation for the brass instrument bore

In this article, interleaved finite difference time domain methods are developed for the purpose of simulating the dynamics of the acoustic bore, using, as a starting point, an impedance formulation of wave propagation in an acoustic tube; attention is focused here on modeling of viscothermal and radiation losses in the time domain. In particular, in contrast to other methods, the bore, including the mouth-piece and bell, is treated as a unit, and is not subdivided into smaller units such as cylindrical or conical segments. Numerical simulations of input impedances are then compared with measurement for a variety of brass instruments.