The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Other Metabolic Diseases

With its increasing prevalence, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as a major global public health concern over the past few decades. Growing evidence has proposed the microbiota-derived metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as a potential factor in the pathophysiology of MASLD and related metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). By influencing key pathways involved in energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation, SCFAs play an important role in gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier function, immune modulation, and direct metabolic signaling. Furthermore, recent animal and human studies on therapeutic strategies targeting SCFAs demonstrate their potential for treating these metabolic disorders.