Taxonomy of Cross-Domain Attacks on CyberManufacturing System

CyberManufacturing system (CMS) is a concept for next generation manufacturing system where manufacturing components are seamlessly integrated through technologies such as the internet of things, cloud computing, sensors network, machine learning, and new manufacturing processes. A key to realizing the CMS is its ability to handle cyber-attacks. For example, infill malicious defects can be created by cyber-attacks in additive manufacturing processes, resulting in changes in yield load and strain at failure as well as natural frequency. Cyber-attacks on CMS are not just limited to attacks on its computing sphere. Cross-domain attacks over both the physical and the computing spheres become critical. A taxonomy has been developed to specify the nature of the attacks, particularly when they are cross-domain. The taxonomy can help security professionals identify and detect cross-domain attacks in CMS. The taxonomy has been constructed in four dimensions: attack vector, attack impact, attack target, and attack consequence. To illustrate how the taxonomy can be utilized in detecting cross-domain attacks on CMS, infill malicious attacks on 3D printing processes are used as an example.