Cytogenetic Profiling of Myelomas, Association With Complete Blood Count: Study of 180 Patients

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the most common primary and secondary cytogenetic events in myelomas using a probe panel designed in our laboratory, and to associate those events with hematological and biochemical findings. METHODS: Blood specimens from patients diagnosed with myeloma were processed to determine complete blood count and levels of albumin, creatinine, and beta-2 microglobulin. We evaluated bone-marrow specimens for plasma-cell percentage by light microscopy and for cytogenetic abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare hematological and biochemical parameters. RESULTS: We observed immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene translocations in 43.3% and t(4;14) in 21% of specimens; t(11;14) was observed in 7.7% of specimens. Gain of chromosomes was observed in 67.2% and loss observed in 16.6% of specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Gains of chromosomes were observed in two-thirds of patients with myeloma. The most common IgH translocation was t(4;14); del13/monosomy13 was the most common secondary cytogenetic abnormality. Partial or complete tetrasomies were associated with higher beta-2 microglobulin levels.