Kinetics of crystal dissolution in the system diopside-forsterite-silica

Radioimmunotherapy has been successfully used in the treatment of lymphoma but thus far has not demonstrated significant efficacy in humans beyond disease stabilization in solid tumors. Radioimmunotherapy with ⁶⁴Cu was highly effective in a hamster model of colorectal cancer, but targeted radiotherapies with this radionuclide have since not shown as much success. It is widely known that mutations in key proteins play a role in the success or failure of cancer therapies. For example, the KRAS mutation is predictive of poor response to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapies in colorectal cancer, whereas p53 is frequently mutated in tumors, causing resistance to multiple therapeutic regimens. Methods: We previously showed that nuclear localization of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled DOTA-cetuximab was enhanced in p53 wild-type tumor cells. Here, we examine the role of p53 in the response to radioimmunotherapy with ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-cetuximab in KRAS-mutated HCT116 tumor–bearing mice, with and without cisplatin, which upregulates wild-type p53. Results: Experiments with HCT116 cells that are p53 +/+ (p53 wild-type) and −/− (p53 null) grown in cell culture demonstrated that preincubation with cisplatin increased expression of p53 and subsequently enhanced localization of ⁶⁴Cu from ⁶⁴Cu-acetate and ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-cetuximab to the tumor cell nuclei. Radioimmunotherapy studies in p53-positive HCT116 tumor–bearing mice, receiving either radioimmunotherapy alone or in combination with cisplatin, showed significantly longer survival in mice receiving unlabeled cetuximab or cisplatin alone or in combination (all, P < 0.01). In contrast, the p53-negative tumor-bearing mice treated with radioimmunotherapy alone or combined with cisplatin showed no survival advantage, compared with control groups (all, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Together, these data suggest that ⁶⁴Cu specifically delivered to epidermal growth factor receptor–positive tumors by cetuximab can suppress tumor growth despite the KRAS status and present opportunities for personalized clinical treatment strategies in colorectal cancer.