Imaging of intracellular acidic compartments with a sensitive rhodamine based fluorogenic pH sensor

The parameters of intracellular acidic compartments are altered in apoptosis, autophagy, cancer metastasis, etc. Low background and selective staining of lysosomes and autophagosomes was achieved with N-(rhodamine 6G)-lactam-ethylenediamine (R6G-EDA) which fluoresces in acidic vesicles via pH mediated ring opening of the intramolecular lactam. Long retention time of R6G-EDA in lysosomes and its exceptional stability against photo-bleaching allow full time tracking of lysosome morphology changes in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) triggered cell death, suggesting its utility for acidic vesicle studies in cell biology.