Clonal expansion and activation of tissue-resident memory-like T H 17 cells expressing GM-CSF in the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19

T cells, which have been associated with disease severity and lung damage. High IL-17A and GM-CSF protein levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients were associated with a more severe clinical course. Collectively, our study suggests that pulmonary Trm17 cells are one potential orchestrator of the hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19.