A holistic model of health incorporates the spiritual dimension as a contributor to personal well-being in the elderly. Spiritual experiences enhance a self-perception of cumulative personal evolution over a lifetime, an integrating of past and present into a meaningful unity. They thus provide a wellspring of personal strength and healing energy against illness and adversity. The home health nurse plays a critical role in instituting holistic programs of care into the everyday lives of clients.
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Mary Ann Ruffing‐Rahal (1984) studied this question.