Effect of fertilizer application, soil type, and year on yield and technological parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Czech Republic

AbstractHow is grain yield and quality affected by fertilizer regime, soil type, and year is not yet well known. In 2011–2013 we analyzed yield and baking quality of grain on loamy degraded Chernozem (ICRE, 225 m a.s.l.), Greyic Phaeozem (CCRE, 263 m a.s.l.), and sandy loamy Cambisol (LCRE, 620 m a.s.l.) under the control (C), farmyard manure (FYM), and farmyard manure together with mineral NPK application (FYM + NPK) treatments.In 2011, the mean grain yields were 5.86, 6.82, and 10.6 t ha−1 in C, FYM, and FYM + NPK treatments, respectively; in 2012, the grain yields were only 3.92, 4.56, and 5.58 t ha−1, respectively, due to an extremely dry season; and in 2013, the grain yields were 5.74, 6.15, and 8.21 t ha−1, respectively, as the precipitation increased. In 2011, grain yields were the highest in the ICRE and the lowest in the LCRE, but in 2012, the highest yields were recorded in the CCRE and the lowest in ICRE. Kernel weight, crude protein content, bulk density of caryopses, and values of Zeleny sedimentation test were the highest in FYM + NPK treatment on all localities in all years. We concluded that grain yield and quality could be highly affected by year, fertilizer application, and soil type.Keywords: Triticum aestivumcrude protein contentZeleny sedimentation testgluten indexfarmyard manure AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Mrs Dana Večeřová and Ing. Anna Prochásková for technical support and to several generations of technical staff of the ICRE, the CCRE, and the LCRE for the long-term maintenance of the field experiments.