Deficits in output phonology: an explanation of reading failure?

This paper presents a follow-up study of JM, a developmental dyslexic first described by Snowling, Stackhouse, and Rack (1986b). Tests of phonological processing revealed that JM's deficit was primarily located at the level of output phonology (speech production). Further studies explored the mechanisms by which JM has managed to learn to read in the face of these deficits. Tests of nonword reading supported the view that JM has learnt to read by gradually expanding his sight vocabulary, supported by his intact visual and semantic processing skills.