Realization of Bos taurus reproductive capacity by means of hormonal regulation (review)

Background.Hormones are biologically active substances that interact with each other and regulate physiological and metabolic processes in the body of farm animals. Any failure in the hormonal homeostasis of the body leads to a decrease in the productive and reproductive qualities of animals and, as a consequence, to economic losses. Despite significant advances in understanding the hormonal regulation of the cow's sexual cycle, there is a serious lack of comprehensive studies on the interaction of hormones with receptors in target cells, their activation or suppression of the expression of certain genes involved in the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, as well as the mechanisms of regulation of hormonal systems. This is a serious problem, since the lack of such data does not reveal the full mechanism of action of a particular hormone and its role in reproductive capacity. In this review, we tried to systematize the available data on the issue under study. The objects of study were scientific publications devoted to various aspects of hormonal regulation of the sexual function of cattle. The search was carried out in the PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Elibrary and other open Internet sources. Based on the search results, data on the mechanism of action of cattle sex hormones were systematized: follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, estrogens, progesterone, testosterone and prostaglandins. Particular attention in the article is paid to the problems of hormonal disorders and their impact on the reproductive health of the animal. Understanding these issues allows us to differently evaluate the mechanisms of action and the level of influence of hormones on reproductive qualities, which is very important for the modernization of reproductive technologies and increasing the efficiency of agricultural production. Purpose.To analyze the existing scientific data on gonadotropic and gonadal hormones affecting the reproductive function of cattle.