Distributive justice in science and technology policy

This article examines the principles of distributive justice that underlie common rationales and goals in science and technology policy, treating four traditions in political philosophy: libertarian; utilitarian; contractarian; and communitarian. All four approaches play some role in current S in the effort to maximize public benefit; in programs targeted to disadvantaged groups; and in programs that build community through involvement in research. This variety gives national policy-makers options to mix, match, and grow these elements in their national systems. Making conscious decisions about the mix is important to achieving public goals in science and technology.