Follicular regulatory T cell in atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the infiltration of immune cells, such as monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and B cells, into the inner layer of vessel walls. T and B cell functions in the process of atherogenesis, as well as their mutual regulation, have been investigated but several aspects remain to be clarified. In the present review, we give a brief overview of the functions of follicular regulatory T cell (Tfr) on follicular T (Tfh) and B cell regulation related to atherosclerosis pathogenesis, including their influence on lymphangiogenesis and lipoprotein metabolism. We will also discuss their potential therapeutics properties in the resolution of established atherosclerotic lesions. Tfr cells are key regulators of atherosclerosis through regulation of Tfh cell population, inducing expansion of atheroprotective Breg cell population and stimulating lymphangiogenesis.