The focused electron beam of an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope is used to create individual vacancies in predefined positions of carbon nanotubes. Vacancies in single-wall tubes are unstable and cause an immediate reconstruction of the lattice between 20 and 700 degrees C. In double-wall tubes, vacancies are stable and observable up to at least 235 degrees C, whereas above 480 degrees C a relaxation of the lattice occurs.
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Rodríguez‐Manzo et al. (2009) studied this question.
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