A narrow-beam antenna using an artificial dielectric medium with effective permittivity less than unity has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Complex propagation constant for a wave propagating along the structure is evaluated by solving the dispersion relation. The analysis indicates the presence of a leaky-wave mode. The radiation pattern is calculated by using Kirchhoff-Huygens integration method. Experimental results for an antenna of this type designed for operation at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> band are reported and compared with theoretical calculations. Beam position varies from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">47</tex> when the frequency is changed from 8.6 to 11.5 GHz. Over this frequency range the half-power beamwidth varies from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5.6</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.8</tex> . An expression for the half-power beamwidth of a leakywave antenna of finite length has been derived and discussed in the Appendix.
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Bahl et al. (1974) studied this question.
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