Key result
Having 3 or 4 behavioural risk factors was associated with more frequent suboptimal subjective health compared to having none (OR 2.49 in men, OR 1.96 in women).
Why the study?
Does the aggregation of behavioral risk factors increase the frequency of suboptimal subjective health in adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=16,043)
Does the aggregation of behavioral risk factors increase the frequency of suboptimal subjective health in adults?
Effect estimate: OR 2.49 for men, OR 1.96 for women (95% CI 1.59-3.90 for men, 1.29-2.97 for women)
The clustering of multiple behavioral risk factors is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of reporting suboptimal subjective health.
Clustering warrants consideration in assessments but should not yet alter practice; leaves open whether modifying multiple factors improves subjective health.
To describe the clustering of behavioural risk factors in the adult population of the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain), and to evaluate the association between the level of aggregation of such factors and suboptimal subjective health. Data were drawn from the Non-communicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo asociados a Enfermedades No Transmisibles - SIVFRENT). We studied the relationships between tobacco use, high-risk alcohol consumption, leisure-time inactivity and unbalanced diet in 16,043 people aged 18-64, comparing observed against expected proportions. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between aggregation of risk factors and suboptimal health (fair, poor and very poor health). Almost 20% of subjects had 3 or 4 risk factors. Most combinations of three risk factors exceeded expectations and, in particular, 4-factor clustering yielded observed/expected quotients of 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-2.38) in men and 2.96 (95% CI, 2.46-3.46) in women. In both sexes, smoking was the individual factor most frequently associated with the remaining risk factors. Aggregation of risk factors was more frequent among men, in younger age groups and among subjects with low educational level. Compared to people with none of the 4 risk factors, those with 3 or four reported suboptimal subjective health more frequently (OR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.59- 3.90 for men and OR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.29-2.97 for women). Behavioural risk factors tend to aggregate, and this clustering is higher among men, in younger age groups and among subjects with a low educational level. A greater level of clustering is associated with a higher frequency of suboptimal self-rated health. Describir la agregación de factores de riesgo relacionados con el comportamiento en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid y evaluar la asociación del grado de agregación de dichos factores con la salud subjetiva subóptima. Los datos proceden del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo asociados a Enfermedades No Transmisibles (SIVFRENT). Las relaciones entre el consumo de tabaco, el consumo de alcohol de riesgo, el sedentarismo en tiempo libre y la dieta desequilibrada fueron estudiadas en 16.043 personas de 18 a 64 años, y se compararon las proporciones observadas respecto a las esperadas. Mediante un análisis de regresión logística se estimó la asociación entre la agregación de factores de riesgo y la salud percibida subóptima (regular, mala y muy mala). Cerca del 20% de los sujetos presentan 3 o 4 factores de riesgo simultáneamente. La mayoría de combinaciones de 3 factores de riesgo son superiores a las esperadas, destacando la agregación de los 4 factores con un cociente observado/esperado de 2,15 (IC del 95%, 1,93-2,38) en varones y de 2,96 (IC del 95%, 2,46-3,46) en mujeres. En ambos sexos, el factor individual que más se asocia al resto de factores de riesgo es el tabaco. La agregación de factores de riesgo es más frecuente en varones, en edades jóvenes y en el nivel educativo bajo. En comparación con los que carecen de los 4 factores de riesgo, los que presentan simultáneamente 3 o 4 de ellos tienen con mayor frecuencia una salud percibida subóptima (OR = 2,49; IC del 95%, 1,59-3,90 en varones y OR = 1,96; IC del 95%, 1,29-2,97 en mujeres). Los factores de riesgo ligados al comportamiento se agregan, y esta acumulación es superior en varones, en personas jóvenes y con bajo nivel de estudios. Un mayor grado de agregación se asocia a mayor frecuencia de salud percibida subóptima.
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Galán et al. (2005) conducted a cross-sectional in Behavioural risk factors (n=16,043). Aggregation of 3 or 4 behavioural risk factors vs. None of the 4 risk factors was evaluated on Suboptimal subjective health (OR 2.49 for men, OR 1.96 for women, 95% CI 1.59-3.90 for men, 1.29-2.97 for women). Having 3 or 4 behavioural risk factors was associated with more frequent suboptimal subjective health compared to having none (OR 2.49 in men, OR 1.96 in women).
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