Recent progress in the development of optical techniques for non-invasive imaging in biology and medicine is reviewed. We start with some fundamental considerations of light propagation in random media. We then discuss imaging using coherent unscattered light and diffuse light. Microscopic techniques based on one- and two-photon fluorescence are described and several types of nonlinear and time-resolved microscopy are explained. We conclude with some application examples and an outlook.
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Rudolph et al. (1997) studied this question.
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