Engineering approaches for CO2 converting to biomass coupled with nanobiomaterials as biomediated towards circular bioeconomy

The need for carbon neutralization on a global scale necessitates innovative concepts for collecting, converting, and using carbon dioxide (CO2), particularly the technology and materials that use CO2 to convert biomass and nanobiomaterials as the basis of a circular bioeconomy. In recent years, CO2 conversion reaction has paid great attention to CO2 reforming and CO2 methanation of CH4 because of its advantages in using greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4). In general, it can be utilized as a primary material for synthesizing novel products. In order to control and reduce CO2 production, enhanced CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology has been fully developed to store CO2 and reuse it in the valuable products, like materials and biomaterials preparation. In the present review article, the conversion of CO2 to biomass energy is comprehensively discussed, emphasizing capture technology and post-combustion capture technology as promising methods of CO2 emission reduction. Further, this paper summarizes CO2 production and the comprehensive strategy of using CO2 as helpful Energy. Moreover, the CO2 removal provides low-carbon Energy while using its capture and storing technology to provide bioenergy, which is estimated to sustain the net zero CO2 target. In addition, CO2 capture and convert to biomass and then converted biomass into nanobiomaterials, their applications, preparation techniques and unique properties were reviewed. In general, this review focuses on converting carcinogenic CO2 into useful biomass energy, conversion strategies, and the utilization of CO2 into biomass and nanobiomaterials.