Key result
A 3D recurrence plot-based deep learning algorithm achieved higher average F1 scores for cardiac arrhythmia classification (up to 0.9350) compared to 1D (0.843) and 2D (0.9015) ECG-based methods.
Why the study?
Existing AI-based ECG arrhythmia classification methods analyze lower-dimensional, linear signals, limiting their ability to capture lead-wise spatiotemporal correlations and the nonlinear, nonstationary cardiac electrophysiological process.
Does a 3D recurrence plot-based deep learning algorithm improve cardiac arrhythmia classification performance compared to 1D and 2D methods?
Does a 3D recurrence plot-based deep learning algorithm improve cardiac arrhythmia classification performance compared to 1D and 2D methods?
A novel 3D recurrence plot-based deep learning algorithm improves cardiac arrhythmia classification accuracy compared to traditional 1D and 2D methods.
May improve automated arrhythmia detection; leaves open prospective clinical validation before practice change.
Artificial intelligence (AI) aided cardiac arrhythmia (CA) classification has been an emerging research topic. Existing AI-based classification methods commonly analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in lower dimensions, using one-dimensional (1D) temporal signals or two-dimensional (2D) images, which, however, may have limited capability in characterizing lead-wise spatiotemporal correlations, which are critical to the classification accuracy. In addition, existing methods mostly assume that the ECG data are linear temporal signals. This assumption may not accurately represent the nonlinear, nonstationary nature of the cardiac electrophysiological process. In this work, we have developed a three-dimensional (3D) recurrence plot (RP)-based deep learning algorithm to explore the nonlinear recurrent features of ECG and Vectorcardiography (VCG) signals, aiming to improve the arrhythmia classification performance. The 3D ECG/VCG images are generated from standard 12 lead ECG and 3 lead VCG signals for neural network training, validation, and testing. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by various experiments. Based on the PTB-XL dataset, the proposed method achieved an average F1 score of 0.9254 for the 3D ECG-based case and 0.9350 for the 3D VCG-based case. In contrast, recently published 1D and 2D ECG-based CA classification methods yielded lower average F1 scores of 0.843 and 0.9015, respectively. Thus, the improved performance and visual interpretability make the proposed 3D RP-based method appealing for practical CA classification.
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Zhang et al. (2022) studied Cardiac Arrhythmia. 3D recurrence plot (RP)-based deep learning algorithm vs. 1D and 2D ECG-based classification methods was evaluated on Average F1 score for cardiac arrhythmia classification. A 3D recurrence plot-based deep learning algorithm achieved higher average F1 scores for cardiac arrhythmia classification (up to 0.9350) compared to 1D (0.843) and 2D (0.9015) ECG-based methods.
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