Probing charge carrier dynamics in metal halide perovskite solar cells

With rocketing power conversion efficiency and continuously enhancing stability, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown extraordinary potential to become a key player in tomorrow's energy industry. An essential approach to improve the performance and quantify the loss mechanisms of PSCs is the analysis of charge carrier dynamics. Although the structure of PSCs is diverse, the characterization techniques for the dynamic measurement are similar. With the aim of providing researchers with the necessary knowledge to choose suitable measurement methods, this review represents a comprehensive overview of the techniques to assess the entire spectrum of carrier dynamic processes from femtoseconds to many seconds, including charge generation, relaxation, recombination, transport, extraction and collection.