Radiocarbon Dates From the Oxford Ams System: Archaeometry Datelist 33

This is the thirty-third list of dates measured at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU). The dates presented here include those measured through the NERC/AHRC-funded Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Dating Service (ORADS), those funded by English Heritage, and those submitted to the laboratory on a commercial basis. All dates have been measured using the procedures outlined in Law and Hedges (1989), Hedges et al. (1989, 1992), Bronk Ramsey et al. (Arch.List 30) and Bronk Ramsey et al. (2004a,b,c). AMS determinations with OxA numbers greater than 6293 were measured either as graphite (if sufficiently large) (Dee and Bronk Ramsey 2000), or as CO2 (Bronk Ramsey and Hedges 1997; Bronk Ramsey et al. 2004a). In accordance with international radiocarbon convention all dates are expressed in radiocarbon years before ad 1950 (years bp) using the half-life of 5568 years. Errors are quoted as one standard deviation (1σ) and are based on an assessment of all the contributions to the error in the laboratory isotope ratio measurement. Natural fractionation of carbon isotopes is accounted for by measuring the δ13C values relative to VPDB (with errors of approximately 0.3‰). All combining procedures and significance tests are based on Ward and Wilson (1978). Comments composed by the Laboratory on the basis of information supplied by submitters are given without attribution. All calendrical dates quoted have been calibrated using the OxCal computer program of Bronk Ramsey (2001) using atmospheric data from ‘INTCAL04’ (Reimer et al. 2004), and are quoted to 95.4% probability. Previous Archaeometry datelists are referred to in the form: Arch.List 32. Details of methods applied are described in detail in our in-house documentation. This is regularly updated and archived, so the exact method used for any sample is always fully recorded. The laboratory has used an ultrafiltration method in the purification of gelatin extracted from bones since 2000 (Brown 1998, Arch.List 30). In late 2002 we discovered that without more rigorous precleaning of the filters prior to use traces of a humectant (glycerine) could remain and affect the ages significantly, particularly for low-yielding collagen samples. The effect is relevant for all bone samples with OxA numbers in the range OxA-9361 to -11851 and OxA-12214 to -12236. The initial problem was outlined in Bronk Ramsey et al. (2004b). Rigorous cleaning of the ultrafilters is required in order to effectively remove small amounts of glycerine, which is applied during the manufacturing of the filters to keep them moist prior to use. Subsequent research at ORAU resulted in changes to the methodology, which is fully reported in Bronk Ramsey et al. (2004b). In a recent paper (Brock et al. 2007) we reported on the cleaning procedures in more detail. There are no affected determinations in this Datelist. In the appendix, a list of withdrawn OxAs from Arch.List 31 is provided along with the results of redates and the status of the remainder. Two different methods were applied. First, samples were obtained and redated using the modified protocol outlined by Bronk Ramsey et al. (2004b). Second, spare gelatin was reultrafiltered with ultrafilters cleaned according to the new protocol. OxA-X numbers are given when there is an experimental pre-treatment applied, or where the analytical data associated with the measurement is out of expected range. In these latter cases, the accuracy of the result ought to be viewed with caution. Usually, this is because of low collagen weights, either less than 10 mg or <1wt% collagen. These are our minimum thresholds for acceptability. We appreciate sincerely the input of the submitters of the archaeological and environmental samples listed below for providing comments on their dates. Funding for the laboratory comes from a number of sources, particularly the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), support that we are very grateful for. The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and English Heritage have also contributed significant funding. The entire staff of the ORAU, past and present, contributed greatly to the production of the radiocarbon dates published here and we acknowledge gratefully their careful analytical work. Stanlow Samples of human bone and teeth obtained in 2004 during a salvage excavation at the site of a ploughed-out prehistoric burial mound at Stanlow, Bradwell, Derbyshire (NGR SK 1691 7923). The Sites and Monuments Record for Derbyshire described the site as a Bronze Age barrow, but the nature of the deposits and artefacts recovered from the excavation indicated that the primary burial assemblage might be of Neolithic date. Submitted by Dr A. T. Chamberlain, of and of Comments by A. δ13C δ13C δ13C the dates are from the of and are and that the was used for human in the late Bronze Age 2000 which was from a an that the prehistoric been in of prehistoric for burial in the is and of Bronze Age are in Derbyshire The bone sample was from a during in the of in of Submitted by Dr Comments by δ13C with the the burial a with an and a The of the and the that we the burial site of a of the of the as as that of the to the or the of the The could have been that of ad or or The of the radiocarbon was to a that to the burial to the or and which of these been in The result is as as but the that the is of in or and was to the to the of the of in The results of this archaeological are to be published in in the of human bone from submitted by δ13C a for a human that might have been in but is in late Bronze Age in to a sample of human from Samples of human teeth from submitted by of δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C there is to that the of were by and The were a to the at the of the to the of and the was to the as at the of the that the and and the of The of the by the has been The radiocarbon dates for the samples from the are and The samples from the ages of and The of at the indicated is with the that the to the and is with the data from the of where the for a is based on radiocarbon dates from artefacts associated with the of was to be years The dates for the samples and are with the that the The dates from the of the during the late The result for sample is with the on the These data be in the of the Samples of bone from submitted by δ13C δ13C 10 the dates obtained from bone samples from very with the in that been to and dates that we are to the that we have a of the of this in the of of Samples submitted by The δ13C is one of in the of in was by a was out by at the of the with sample was in the Laboratory but the bone no collagen. The result of be in is to that no artefacts to this have been new sample was obtained from the to and was to The result bp) to the expected of this at the of the and the of the used this at the as the of to no δ13C is a in the of in was by at the of the with the excavation of There are to the The the of a where a was in in sample of bone with the and was in the to the of the of be greater than new sample of a bone with the was for but this one to no The the of by as and of this bone in a of was a of the of and as to the very low of the of the is and is to with the from new sample from is δ13C the of is the site in The of the of from the of the to the of the The is the and is by and by the of to the data The is by the of the one bone with was for The of this sample is in The was The the from but from the of be were because in is to which affect the is more data from are to this δ13C 10 δ13C to no the of was at the of the and were of the to the resulted in a excavation of in the of the The was to the and of the or was The of the was on the small and and teeth of We that this indicated the of the and was submitted to this The result bp) is and the of human in this we the with any archaeological be that this of the was by of the to the in the of the The during the excavation have been because sample to no to the we the of the was on the from the to the in of the to the was on the of the and there is of the on the from the to the δ13C is an site and has been by the staff of the since and in The of the site has been by a There are of a with of the recent that was during prehistoric recent was obtained from but a of indicated by from a The result by Dating of the be by different methods or by the of where a less Samples submitted by δ13C the to the of the one in the δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C this of dates to a to in the of the one of the more in in (NGR was by in were out in the and and by in our has more Samples submitted by of δ13C δ13C on a human bone from in the has a from our on a bone from a different human from the site This that at of the during the the The bone was from by recent from the of those in the The that is than the Samples of human and bone deposits in the at in by and human bone human bone human bone bone and Samples obtained by of at the of funded by Submitted by of of human δ13C human δ13C δ13C human δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C were on a of human bones from the The bones listed were all to be The of is than the and the bone was by and all of that was human but This is with dates from the a a bone and a bone from a bone The human bones to the Neolithic and are with human bone from this The of Neolithic human bone in has been at along the of of bone collagen were to with the human been that the were because of their small and were Neolithic in date. were also and were to be of to the and more to be small This is of a at the of Samples of from the site of of (NGR submitted by of δ13C δ13C the dates that a was the to the at of a or more that been The have been in use during the of the the Samples of bone and from the and Submitted by Dr human δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C the AMS results from were very that is to used during different and that of deposits to is to that the of In to archaeological data of in the of the results to be to but that is since the used for of prior to date. The Neolithic AMS data support the archaeological data as samples and are are the of the dates that were from the sample be from of the ad to the the the be since of the deposits in this are than from the was redated and The radiocarbon dates δ13C δ13C This that an has and that there have been a along the The new data are the expected Samples of bone from submitted by δ13C 31 δ13C or δ13C 31 these dates obtained from the site of with the that with the of the of the Bronze The site is particularly from the of since the of and The information obtained to the of the recent in the of the is a more recent that to the Neolithic or when we expected the from the of the archaeological we that the problem comes from this and could from the In our we this sample to from has provided a in accordance with was Bronze Age with in a the and δ13C this result we that we are in the of the excavation where we obtained a result of that in this of the site are with in the of the δ13C the from the site that we are in the as we from to we dates and and we that we were in an The problem is that the sample comes from the as these so we are the of the site to be of the in the this sample a low of collagen mg bone mg of which is less than our minimum of 10 mg The was which is The sample was for these human δ13C this is with we expected to years and we as the bone was of from the site of submitted by δ13C has been and 2007) that the Neolithic the of the by there were no dates for the of on the of the The provided by this sample is because that the Neolithic the to at a according to a of dates that were obtained at the radiocarbon the were and the at was as than the one at the in which is of from the site of submitted by δ13C according to radiocarbon has been for the past or so that this was the Neolithic site in the and the et al. in the past of from have dates This new result this is to the of a site This has for the of the in particularly the of the of the There are also in than and and et al. we the that the from are than is that dates from in are than and the radiocarbon dates and these new that the Neolithic to a at the but in and and the of the and that a the at this the samples from site for the et al. has no dates for the sample that submitted any have to with in this The radiocarbon dates are to be to the and isotope in order to the were at or This research new on the nature of the of bone from the site submitted by A. T. of δ13C T. the in is the of to the and there and al. In our research to we have and the site of the Neolithic in the site in and also recovered a Neolithic and Neolithic from the site was for of the Neolithic The bone from which this was obtained was recovered from a at the of The sample was the of a The associated of and also for in the of of and bones of and that was in by this The is for the and with dates for the or in and that the Neolithic for than was The also that based on of different of to be We to more AMS dates from as our research Samples of bone from the site submitted by δ13C δ13C human δ13C 31 human δ13C 31 δ13C bones and human bones from the a very which was and in The was by an to in the of the the was a of were All bones were on the of the sample bone at a of the of the sample bone sample comes from was the human the All of the bones were by There was no that the bones from prehistoric so we were very by the recent results The results of and of human and bones from the and of the have been published et al. the burial with bp) with is that radiocarbon dates of from this site are to the but we use the bone to in one where a bone was from an a result of for the the bone an of a and are published in et al. to which the is Samples of and from submitted by in Research Comments provided by A. Dating English Heritage, and Research δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C and these determinations are from the in the of the from a by at the of the on the mound from the of the mound to All samples of or of which were for The archaeological to be from the mound is which is than samples from a of and in which the of be than these samples was a that of in Two radiocarbon determinations were obtained from this Ward and Wilson one on and an experimental measurement on the in the of a This was as before We the were from an in but is were from a which is as a or a of provided the assemblage from the and and which could have from the of from a or the of of or or from during that the from used in a or this on the from which the sample was were from the of a a more than a the from which was This to a were from an of than This have provided for the in a this be as in was by than this was which determinations on of and Ward and Wilson The of these on along with the of them as could to these dates as to that of the than the dates from deposits and and be than this is a which is by a sample of The of is and be radiocarbon was obtained from a sample of from the of in the and This sample to the in and is to the deposits from the This is than those obtained from to be an from the recent than those obtained by for that this sample was from a which is of Two determinations have been on from in which was and Ward and Wilson This is than in the The of this is the of these and the of the dates the that this is in to the from which was is that which a of the in this were used as for the of the of this of radiocarbon dates is provided by based on the of the of the samples described that the deposits from the the to the In the of dates on that is is the of the on the mound has been published as This measurement was a measurement as of the procedures of the laboratory and has been Samples of from submitted by in Research δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C human bone δ13C human bone δ13C human bone δ13C human bone δ13C human bone δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C and these samples from the a on the of the of the in the here on a which was in but also and the of the sample of was from a as to support the in a to the of This a for the of than are samples from the of and also and et al. and The results are Ward and Wilson the sample of which from the is Ward and Wilson This that this of a range of and so these dates for the of the of of an was recovered during the excavation of these deposits The of this burial is to be than at of the deposits of and is than these this be as than from the use of and than the of samples have been from in and and This the of and so The results are Ward and Wilson has with in the and be this the of and the samples from these has to be as results are from the of use of from the when the and were to the when out of use also et al. from the of in from the use of but be the of use of Two determinations have been obtained on the and from in burial in and This was than to The of of these radiocarbon results Ward and Wilson on These to the use of the than was small the to from the or and so a for the of of samples was from the of in was than since the from these for result has been obtained on from the of in the of These are than from which radiocarbon determinations have been obtained on a of Ward and Wilson measurement on a from this is measurement comes from a bone from radiocarbon has been obtained on from radiocarbon measurement on is was from a of with traces of than and bone were from on of the in is this from the of the or was from in the and this in a sample of bone was from was an with carbon the of the and This carbon has also been but a result which is with that from the bone collagen Ward and Wilson The from the carbon to be and was from the of a at the of in The are Ward and Wilson of the and and are than Samples of and bone were from this on carbon from the and of a fully on in also a which than this was This a with which is in the of the results from the as the of with the archaeological that are that to or This with the which to of This of has been by the new dates on the bone which that the of the dates on the from an of in of the entire of new that was the latter of the and the a with our of the of the of a problem with the protocol used for of the determinations on bone samples from this (Bronk Ramsey et al. results and were and as and of this that this affected a of samples than and that the of the was more et al. these results be these samples of of bone from the of in which were in the from which were these have been The for the of and of the on bone have been using gelatin from the and as described by Bronk Ramsey et al. (2004b). and gelatin remain from the bone samples from and of these samples is and so these results are reported Samples of from submitted by in Research and these samples from to the of the mound by the in and to the and any associated human at the of the mound et al. and and from a which be of Neolithic or is but with bp) from an and were on samples of from a of and are Ward and Wilson to the of the and a for the to and are Ward and Wilson on samples of from a at the of the This also dates to the of the was a sample of from which was in at at a and This result is than dates for in the which that this sample the in the to with the deposits in of the All these from where of a range of ages was present, and so the dates are ages for the is reported with because of the in the on the AMS and and and and are on the samples of Samples from the site of submitted by A. T. of T. was a in that was from the through the The the site were and and their et al. obtained for from that there et al. The dates reported here were obtained as of a to an AMS for the of at of The samples for of of from at the of the we of the a of by deposits of the Neolithic of The samples were recovered through from the of to 10 to 10 or to was of a of to have as a during the to be in the in which were was to to from the Neolithic of as a number of with et al. samples dates that indicated the were from were in to from AMS to or for and et al. These that was on the by the late Samples from the site of submitted by δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C the of Bronze on and in to Age that has one and in to by on a was as with that of the Age to The were from the Age of the from a a were associated with an of a at the of the a at the of the or the of the that all are in the radiocarbon the Bronze the Age and the The Age is a for the Samples of bone and from the site submitted by of and of δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C δ13C sample from an range of ad range at 95.4% with the sample from ad sample from than the ad all in are in to an at the the as by the ad to by the ad ad to by the In the of the of the is be by any radiocarbon samples from this The samples are of to the of and the sample from the of the ad This that could have been at the as the all is that was a or a in any no than the ad at the very The might have been the is than the when the to the was by no the on from the of the ad relative is with in the the of error to all from the samples to years be to that the of the a of at all the dates from those from the of of at the site be as ad of sample ad of of ad of sample as in of that ad of sample the ad from a sample is out by samples with of ad we are with of and years. of from the site submitted by of of δ13C 10 the result very with samples from the This also one which was to the dates. this to be one of the for the deposits at Samples submitted by Research of of of results for these is is to a sample of radiocarbon could be in this as was as and in be from bp) is than the and out of The is that this sample also has been to human during the the of of the and the of the mound the and were on different from the and ages that are In these ages a of the which Samples and to Samples and and to and This be with of with and this In archaeological all of the ages are than the of on the new that the entire to the than to Neolithic The to have been with the of the mound at sample from the of in from mound radiocarbon ages of and or which is to the of the in The to be than from a in the and and Previous datelists be in the of Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry (1989), Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry Archaeometry In our a list of all and to the Archaeometry in which comments are