Prospecting and mapping of mountain permafrost and associated phenomena

Geomorphologists as well as engineering geologists are increasingly interested in the prediction and mapping of mountain permafrost and associated phenomena. Using several indirect geophysical and geomorphological methods, it is possible to detect and map permafrost that is usually invisible at the surface. This paper summarizes the merits of the most frequently used methods, their difficulties and limitations, and gives recommendations on how to use them. Brief recommendations for future research are also given.