This review outlines the clinical approach to deciding when and how to correct atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale.
Informs individualized ASD/PFO closure decisions; extends guideline synthesis but leaves optimal criteria open.
Abnormalities in the atrial septum range in severity from patent foramen ovale (PFO), a residual cardiac structure found in approximately 25% of the general population, to uncommon, complex lesions associated with significant shunt flow and heart enlargement. While correcting some of these abnormalities is beneficial, most other defects warrant correction only under very specific circumstances.
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Richard A. Krasuski (2007) studied this question.
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