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CityMobil is an integrated project in the sixth Framework Programme of the European Union. The objective of the project is to achieve a more effective organization of urban transport, resulting in a more rational use of motorized traffic with less congestion and pollution, safer driving, a higher quality of living, and enhanced integration with spatial development. Subproject 1 of CityMobil focuses on demonstration activities with the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of innovative and advanced urban transport solutions and to evaluate the systems according to their impact. Three large-scale demonstrations were carried out. At Heathrow Airport in London, a personal rapid transit system connects the car park to the new terminal building. In Rome, cybercars collect visitors from the car park and bring them to the entrance of the city's new exhibition buildings. In Castellón, Spain, an autonomous guided bus links the university with the city center and the seaside. Other activities (so-called small demonstrations and showcases) are carried out in the framework of the CityMobil project. These additional activities are intended to raise awareness in European cities of innovative forms of urban transportation based on cybercars and advanced city vehicles.
Benmimoun et al. (2009) studied this question.