Key result
TTE reliably identifies pulmonary veins, highlighting the right lower vein for Doppler analysis.
Why the study?
Does transthoracic echocardiography accurately identify the anatomical location and flow of individual pulmonary veins?
Observational
Does transthoracic echocardiography accurately identify the anatomical location and flow of individual pulmonary veins?
This report provides a validated echocardiographic guide for imaging individual pulmonary veins, highlighting that contrary to common belief, the right lower pulmonary vein offers the optimal flow angle for Doppler assessment.
Although Doppler analysis of pulmonary veins (PVs) is crucial in the assessment of cardiac hemodynamics, there is controversy regarding individual anatomical PV imaging with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). This report is a discussion of how to image PVs accurately using TTE. To resolve any contradiction, multiple TTE images were obtained during the selective catheterization of the PV in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation procedure. Fluoroscopic images were used as a reference for the identification of each PV and simultaneous echocardiographic imaging of the catheter positioned in the distal PV was used for accurate anatomical localization of the ostium and distal part of the PV.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Zehra Gölbaşı (2017) conducted an observational in Atrial fibrillation (undergoing ablation). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) vs. Fluoroscopic imaging and selective catheterization (reference standard) was evaluated on Anatomical localization and flow direction of individual pulmonary veins. Transthoracic echocardiography accurately identifies individual pulmonary veins and demonstrates that the right lower pulmonary vein has the most convenient flow direction for Doppler analysis in the apical 4-chamber view.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: