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The power spectral density of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal after a saturated high-power amplifier (HPA) is analytically derived. The distortion of the HPA-processed OFDM signal is defined, and its power spectrum is computed. The spectra of the signal and of the distortion are used to get an accurate estimate of the bit-error rate of an OFDM transmission system and to derive compensation at the receiver, which leads to performance improvement.
Costa et al. (1999) studied this question.