Key result
Among 335 reported remote monitoring technologies, photoplethysmography was the most common (50.3%) and heart rate the most measured variable (47.0%), with nine frequently reported devices demonstrating sufficient accuracy.
Why the study?
An overview of existing remote monitoring technologies measuring cardiovascular physiological variables in community-dwelling adults was lacking.
Systematic Review (n=322,886)
This systematic review provides an overview of over 200 distinct remote monitoring technologies for cardiovascular functions, highlighting that the most frequently reported devices are sufficiently accurate for use in community-dwelling adults.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports use of nine accurate photoplethysmography devices for community heart rate monitoring; extends evidence on 335 cardiovascular remote technologies.
Remote monitoring technologies (RMTs) allow continuous, unobtrusive, and real-time monitoring of the cardiovascular system. An overview of existing RMTs measuring cardiovascular physiological variables is lacking. This systematic review aimed to describe RMTs measuring cardiovascular functions in community-dwelling adults. An electronic search was conducted via PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2020, to April 7, 2022. Articles reporting on non-invasive RMTs used unsupervised in community-dwelling adults were included. Reviews and studies in institutionalized populations were excluded. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies and extracted the technologies used, cardiovascular variables measured, and wearing locations of RMTs. Validation of the RMTs was examined based on the COSMIN tool, and accuracy and precision were presented. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022320082). A total of 272 articles were included representing 322,886 individuals with a mean or median age from 19.0 to 88.9 years (48.7% female). Of all 335 reported RMTs containing 216 distinct devices, photoplethysmography was used in 50.3% of RMTs. Heart rate was measured in 47.0% of measurements, and the RMT was worn on the wrist in 41.8% of devices. Nine devices were reported in more than three articles, of which all were sufficiently accurate, six were sufficiently precise, and four were commercially available in December 2022. The top four most reported technologies were AliveCor KardiaMobile®, Fitbit Charge 2, and Polar H7 and H10 Heart Rate Sensors. With over 200 distinct RMTs reported, this review provides healthcare professionals and researchers an overview of available RMTs for monitoring the cardiovascular system.
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Lu et al. (2023) conducted a systematic review in Cardiovascular monitoring in community-dwelling adults (n=322,886). Remote monitoring technologies (RMTs) vs. Reference standards (e.g., multi-lead ECG, mercury sphygmomanometer) was evaluated on Accuracy and precision of remote monitoring technologies. Among 335 reported remote monitoring technologies, photoplethysmography was the most common (50.3%) and heart rate the most measured variable (47.0%), with nine frequently reported devices demonstrating sufficient accuracy.
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