The increasing share of variable renewable energy sources creates a need for flexibility resources in the power system operations. This paper presents suggestions for characterizing flexibility, including dimensions of time, spatiality, resource type, and risk in power systems. We present interrelations between these flexibility dimensions, products, services, and suitable market designs. In light of this, we discuss TSO–DSO coordination and optimal flexibility resource allocation.
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Kara et al. (2022) studied this question.
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