We find a one-parameter family of variables which recast the $3+1$ Einstein equations into first-order symmetric hyperbolic form for any fixed choice of gauge. Hyperbolicity considerations lead us to a redefinition of the lapse in terms of an arbitrary factor times a power of the determinant of the 3-metric; under certain assumptions, the exponent can be chosen arbitrarily, but positive, with no implication of gauge fixing.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Frittelli et al. (1996) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: