Towards a Theory of Local Energy Transition

The intended transition to a low-carbon energy system presents a systemic challenge for every country. The focus of this article is on local energy transition, a decentralized approach in which local municipalities will play a key role. The main question in this article is which determinants support the process towards local energy transition. Therefore, an analytic framework is presented. The three-levels-model is a holistic approach which focuses on determinants considering local context, a macro, and a micro framework. It highlights the dependency of the process from the local context and a sound national transition policy. The model summarizes the complex interrelationships of local energy transition and will enable local communities, networks, and citizens to successfully engage in an energy transition process.