Review of GPS and IMU System Performance in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

This paper reviews the pivotal role of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) technologies in the navigation and control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). GPS offers precise global positioning, while IMU provides high-frequency motion and orientation data. However, GPS signal interruptions and IMU drift pose challenges, particularly in dynamic or GPS-denied environments. This review explores the integration of GPS and low cost IMU systems through advanced sensor fusion techniques, such as Kalman filtering and machine learning, to enhance navigation reliability. Future directions, including advancements in hardware, adaptive algorithms, and swarm navigation, are discussed to address operational challenges and unlock the potential of UAVs in diverse applications.