Learning curve experience in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for concomitant cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Background and aims: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration offers several advantages over endoscopic stone clearance for common bile duct stones with gall stones. However, lack of expertise and a learning curve has often been deterrents to widespread application. This study presents our initial experience and learning curve in managing concomitant cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods: