An assembly defect as a result of an attenuating mutation in the capsid proteins of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain

The molecular basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of P3/Sabin, the type 3 vaccine strain of poliovirus, was investigated in light of the known correlation between ts and attenuation phenotypes. A phenylalanine at residue 91 of the capsid protein VP3 was a major determinant of both phenotypes, and attenuation and ts could be reverted by the same second-site mutations. The ts phenotype was due to a defect early in the assembly process that inhibited the formation of 14S pentamers, empty capsids, and virions. It was further shown that capsid proteins that were not incorporated into higher-order structures had short half-lives at the nonpermissive temperature.