Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13-18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81-5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01-3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11-17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15-16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18-6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24-3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01-17.38, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.