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Since high-penetration renewable sources are integrated into the future power system, energy storage systems are often installed to maintain the frequency stability in a microgrid. The operation mode of a microgrid may frequently change due to the intermittency of renewable sources, and energy storage systems will be charged/discharged accordingly to smooth and balance the generation of renewable sources. Thus, energy storage systems should be coordinated in a proper approach to ensure the supply-demand balance while increasing their profits and energy efficiency. To this end, a distributed optimal solution for energy storage systems to maintain the supply-demand balance while maximizing their welfare and energy efficiency is proposed to energy storage systems by enhancing the coordination through the communication under a multiagent system framework. Under this framework, each energy storage system is designated as an agent, and it only utilizes the local information to interact with the neighbouring agents. Additionally, since the participants in a microgrid may not be willing to release their information about cost functions, or even the local gradient with other neighbouring agents, the proposed solution could be implemented without these private information to the individual agents. The simulation studies are carried out for IEEE 14-bus and 30-BESS systems to validate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed solution.
Zhao et al. (Fri,) studied this question.