The pattern of circulating micrornas in acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a potential life-threatening complication of coronary heart disease and occupies a leading place in the mortality structure of the population. In recent years, methods of early diagnosis of AMI and comorbid conditions have been improved, which can play an important role in a personalized approach to therapy and prediction of outcomes and complications. The problem of developing and introducing new sensitive and specific biochemical and molecular biomarkers of AMI into real clinical practice is of great interest to Russian and foreign researchers. The purpose of this thematic review is to search, summarize and systematize the results of fundamental and clinical studies of the role of microRNAs as sensitive and specific molecular biomarkers of AMI. The authors conducted a search for publications in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Springer, ClinicalKey, Oxford Press, e-Library using keywords and their combinations. Publications from 2009–2024, including original clinical studies of AMI, were analyzed. As a result of this review, it was shown that circulating miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-208a can be considered promising molecular biomarkers of AMI. The presented brief review indicates that the early diagnosis of AMI has prospects for development due to the development and introduction into real clinical practice of new laboratory tests, including the study of the level of circulating microRNAs in the blood from the first hours of the development of acute coronary syndrome.