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We present a low power, reference-less digital CMOS control loop for Mach-Zehnder Modulator quadrature biasing, which is insusceptible to laser power fluctuation. The design has been simulated in a 65 nm CMOS process, and a Verilog-A code was developed to model the SOI photonic circuit.
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Atef et al. (2020) studied this question.
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