Carol C. Baskin, Tracy S. Hawkins, Jerry M. Baskin, Ecological Life Cycle of Chaerophyllum procumbens Variety shortii (Apiaceae), a Winter Annual of the North American Eastern Deciduous Forest, The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, Vol. 131, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 2004), pp. 126-139
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Baskin et al. (2004) studied this question.
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