From policy to practice: the role of integrated systems in mitigating climate change in Brazil

Climate change, caused by human activities, has impacted global ecosystems, forcing countries to adopt mitigation and adaptation strategies. In this review, we explore the historical evolution of climate policies, focusing on international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, and their implications for Brazil’s agricultural sector. Brazilian agriculture, while contributing substantially to global food security, faces two major challenges: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate-related vulnerabilities. Integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems emerge as a sustainable solution, balancing productivity with environmental responsibility. These systems not only help store carbon and improve soil health but also promote biodiversity and provide economic stability through a variety of outputs. By combining agronomy, environmental science, and policy, this review emphasizes how crucial integrated systems are to advancing sustainable farming practices in Brazil as we face climate change challenges.