The article summarizes and integrates the state of knowledge of R&D/technology management. The goal is to clarify what is known and discuss how this knowledge can be leveraged. The overall conclusion is that understanding at multiple levels is key to deeply understanding R&D/technology management. Further, these multiple levels of understanding can be integrated by considering information access and utilization throughout these processes. Specific conclusions are summarized in terms of key issues, central questions, and tradeoffs.
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Rouse et al. (1998) studied this question.
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