We study a one-dimensional Josephson-junction chain embedded in a magnetic field. We show that, when the magnetic flux per elementary loop equals half the superconducting flux quantum phi0 = h/2e, a local Z2 symmetry arises. This symmetry is responsible for a nematic Luttinger liquid state associated with bound states of Cooper pairs. We analyze the phase diagram and discuss some experimental possibilities to observe this exotic phase.
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Douçot et al. (2002) studied this question.
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