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The design of complex systems is viewed as a blend of the art of architecture with the science of engineering. The principles of systems are discussed, with examples to illustrate each point. The artistic elements of architecture are then considered, and four methods in common use, depending on the nature and phase of the project, the particular problem to be solved, and the style of the architect, are described. The role of architecting throughout the system development cycle is examined. Architecting and concurrent engineering are compared and seem to be complementary strategies.>
Eberhardt Rechtin (Thu,) studied this question.