A hybrid expert system for faulted section identification, fault type classification and selection of fault location algorithms

The authors present an expert system developed in Turbo PROLOG to identify faulted sections and interpret protective apparatus operation in large interconnected power systems. This expert system is capable of identifying bus faults, line fault sections, and fault sections in the common area of a specific bus and line. Also, the expert system identifies relays or breaker malfunctions. The expert system is expanded to include real-time measurements of current and voltage phasors to classify the type of fault that the faulted section has experienced. When the faulted section is a transmission line, the expert system then selects an appropriate fault location algorithm to compute the fault location in miles. The importance of using a combination of numeric and database algorithms is emphasized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>