Numerical Simulation of Tornadogenesis in a High-Precipitation Supercell. Part I: Storm Evolution and Transition into a Bow Echo

A nested grid primitive equation model (RAMS version 3b) was used to simulate a high-precipitation (HP) supercell, which produced two weak tornadoes. Six telescoping nested grids allowed atmospheric flows ranging from the synoptic scale down to the tornadic scale to be represented in the simulation. All convection in the simulation was initiated with resolved vertical motion and subsequent condensation-latent heating from the model microphysics; no warm bubbles or cumulus parameterizations were used.