The Political Economy of the Arab Spring

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Department of Defense or the US government. 1 Egyptian Public Opinion Survey (14–27 April 2011), Conducted by Williams and Associates for the International Republican Institute. Available at http://www.iri.org/news-events-press-center/news/iri-releases-egypt-poll 2 Negative BOP, al Ahram Weekly, 2–8 June 2011, Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1050/ec7.htm 3 N. Wahish, Words not enough, al Ahram Weekly, 2–8 June 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1053/ec1.htm 4 A. Kotb, Walking a thin line, al Ahram Weekly, 7–13 July 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1055/ec1.htm 5 N. Wahish, In a tight spot, al Ahram Weekly, 19–25 May 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1048/ec1.htm 6 A. Galal, Egypt post January 2011: an economic perspective, Policy Perspective, 3 (3 July 2011) (Cairo: Economic Research Forum); and Spring tide: will the Arab risings yield democracy, dictatorship or disorder?, Report from the Economist Intelligence Unit (2011), p. 23. Available at http://www.eiu.com 7 N. Nowar, Restraining unemployment, al Ahram Weekly, 2–8 June 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1050/ec5.htm 8 Staying optimistic, al Ahram Weekly, 19–25 May 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1048/ec8.htm 9 N. Nowar, Frustrated expectations, al Ahram Weekly, 12–18 May 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1047/ec2.htm 10 HCAF approves 2011–12 budget, al Ahram Weekly, 7–13 July 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1055/ec4.htm 11 A member of the SCAF was quoted as saying that the loan ‘went against the principles of national sovereignty’. E. Walberg, A force to move mountains, al Ahram Weekly, 7–13 July 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1055/ec3.htm 12 It is estimated that energy intensive industries receive some 75 per cent of subsidies to gas and 61 per cent of subsidies to electricity. S. Abdel-Razek, Not good enough, al Ahram Weekly, 16–22 June 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1052/ec1.htm 13 It is estimated that energy intensive industries receive some 75 per cent of subsidies to gas and 61 per cent of subsidies to electricity. S. Abdel-Razek, Not good enough, al Ahram Weekly, 16–22 June 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1052/ec1.htmibid.: and Downgrade risk, al Ahram Weekly, 12–18 May 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/print/2011/1047/ec5.htm 14 A.-M. Said, The economic situation in Egypt, al Ahram Weekly, 7–13 July 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1046/op1.htm 15 Egypt's democratic transition: five important myths about the economy and international assistance, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 22 July 2011. Available at http://carnegieendowment.org/search/?fa = searchResults&qry = Egypt%27s++Democratic+Transition&tabName = date 16 D. Tresilian, G8 aid with strings attached, al Ahram Weekly, 2–8 June 2011. Available at http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1050/ec1.htm 17 Military reverses cabinet decision to sack university heads, al Masry al Youm, 31 July 2011. Available at http://www.almasryalyoum.com/node/482137 18 Various Egyptian press accounts have provided the higher figure, while the lower figure is given by W. Steavenson, Who owns the revolution: the army or the people?, The New Yorker, 1 August 2011, pp. 36–57. 19 Wahish, Words not enough.