Pain recognition using spatiotemporal oriented energy of facial muscles

Pain is a critical sign in many medical situations and its automatic detection and recognition using computer vision techniques is of great importance. Utilizes this fact that pain is a spatiotemporal process, the proposed system in this paper employs steerable and separable filters to measures energies released by the facial muscles during the pain process. The proposed system not only detects the pain but recognizes its level. Experimental results on the publicly available pain database of UNBC show promising outcome for automatic pain detection and recognition.